Feastday: October 27Archbishop of Abyssinia, Ethiopia. 383 A.D. (Note: Frumentius, known as Abuna, DID NOT BECOME THE FIRST TO EVANGELIZE THEIOPIA/CUSH/NUBIA. That was done by the Ethiopian Eunuch (Chrysanthius Eunuchus) of the Kandake, Queen Candace. See Acts.)
Patron: Aksumite Empire
Death: 383
Also Apostle Matthew was among the first to preach Christ in Ethiopia. Frumentius and his helpers reinforced Christianity, already laid by Our Lord and Our Lord's apostle(s), some 350, plus years prior to Abuna Frumentius).
Although I was born in at Tyre (modern Sur, Lebanon), I am called an Apostle to Ethiopia; Abuna of Ethiopia; Father of Ethiopia. I studied under Meropius, the philosopher. Aedeius was my brother.
A Red Sea ship cruise resulted in the vessel wrecking on the Abyssinian/Ethiopic shoreline. My brother and myself survived. Soldiers captured us, delivering us to king of capital city of Aksum (which had formerly been ruled by Queens, called Kandake).
After a time. We were invited to join the court administration. I became a government minister, like a modern secretary.
When the king died, we joined the succeeding Queen's court. She allowed us to evangelize Christianity, which had been previously brought by Eunuch, St. Phillip, Matthew, and Nathaniel.
I petitioned another African Archbishop Athanasius at Alexandria for additional help. He consecrated me bishop at Ethiopia. Through our
efforts(with brother Aedesius) converts included princes Ezana and Sheazana.
I died in peacefully, around 380 A.D. (Western Liturgical Church), 27 Oct. and 30 Nov.
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the first bishop of Axumite Kingdom who brought Christianity to ancient Ethiopia in 4th century
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Frumentius
Frumentius (Ge'ez: ፍሬምናጦስ; died c. 383) was a Lebanese-born Christian missionary and the first bishop of Axum who brought Christianity to the Kingdom of Aksum. He is sometimes known by other names, such as Abuna ("Our Father") and Aba Salama.
He was ethnically a Phoenician, according to Rufinus, born in Tyre. As a boy, he was captured with his brother, and they became slaves to the King of Axum. He freed them shortly before his death, and they were invited to educate his young heir. They also began to teach Christianity in the region. Later, Frumentius traveled to Alexandria, Egypt, where he appealed to have a bishop appointed and missionary priests sent south to Axum. Thereafter, he was appointed bishop and established the Church in Ethiopia, converting many local people, as well as the king. His appointment began a tradition that the Patriarch of Alexandria appoint the bishops of Ethiopia.
Biography
According to the fourth-century historian Tyrannius Rufinus (x.9), who cites Frumentius' brother Edesius as his authority, as children (ca. 316) Frumentius and Edesius accompanied their uncle Meropius from their birthplace of Tyre (now in Lebanon) on a voyage to Ethiopia. When their ship stopped at one of the harbors of the Red Sea, local people massacred the whole crew, sparing the two boys, who were taken as slaves to the King of Axum. The two boys soon gained the favour of the king, who raised them to positions of trust. Shortly before his death, the king freed them. The widowed queen, however, prevailed upon them to remain at the court and assist her in the education of the young heir, Ezana, and in the administration of the kingdom during the prince's minority. They remained and (especially Frumentius) used their influence to spread Christianity. First they encouraged the Christian merchants present in the country to practise their faith openly, and they helped them find places "where they could come together for prayer according to the Roman Rite"; later they converted some of the natives.
When the prince came of age, Edesius returned to Tyre, where he stayed and was ordained a priest. Frumentius, eager for the conversion of Ethiopia, accompanied his brother as far as Alexandria, where he requested Athanasius, Patriarch of Alexandria, to send a bishop and some priests as missionaries to Ethiopia. By Athanasius' own account, he believed Frumentius to be the most suitable person for the job and consecrated him as bishop, traditionally in the year 328, or according to others, between 340-346.
Frumentius returned to Ethiopia, where he erected his episcopal see at Axum, then converted and baptized King Ezana, who built many churches and spread Christianity throughout Ethiopia. Frumentius established the first monastery of Ethiopia, called Dabba Selama in Dogu'a Tembien. The people called Frumentius Kesate Birhan (Revealer of Light) and Abba Salama (Father of Peace). He became the first Abune, a title given to the head of the Ethiopian Church.
In about 356, the Emperor Constantius II wrote to King Ezana and his brother Saizana, requesting them to replace Frumentius as bishop with Theophilos the Indian, who supported the Arian position, as did the emperor. Frumentius had been appointed by Athanasius, a leading opponent of Arianism. The king refused the request.
Ethiopian traditions credit him with the first Ge'ez translation of the New Testament, and being involved in the development of Ge'ez script from an abjad (consonantal-only) into an abugida (syllabic).
Feast date
The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church celebrate the feast of Abba Salama's consecration on Taḫśaś (the 4th month of Ethiopian or Coptic calendar) 18 and departure Hamle (the 12th month of Ethiopian or Coptic calendar) 26.
The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria celebrates the feast of Frumentius on December 18, the Eastern Orthodox Church on November 30 and the Catholic Church on October 27.
In the 20th century, Lutherans mistakenly claimed that Saint Frumentius was venerated on August 1 in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church without providing any evidence for this.
Patronage
Frumentius is regarded as the patron saint of the former Kingdom of Aksum, and its contemporary territories.
He is the patron saint of St Frumentius Theological College, the Anglican seminary in Ethiopia.
